why
different application types require specialized software engineering techniques
to support
their
design and development.
Stand-alone applications
·
Computer
software that can work offline and does not necessarily require connection to
function
·
Software
that is not a part of some bundled software
·
A
program that run as a separate computer process, not an add-on of an existing process
·
Standalone
program, a program that does not require operating system’s services to run
·
A
portable application, which can be run without the need for installation
procedure
·
Stand-alone
axpansion pack, expansion pack that do not require the original game
Example
of applications :-
Notepad++
is a free source code editor and
Notepad replacement that supports several languages
Adobe photoshop
Is a raster graphics editor
developed and published by Adobe inc for macOS and Windows.
Vlc media player
is a free and open-source, portable,
cross-platform media player and streaming media server developed by the
VideoLAN project. VLC is available for desktop operating systems and mobile
platforms, such as Android, iOS, Tizen, Windows 10 Mobile and Windows Phone.
Interactive transaction-based applications
Applications
that execute on a remote computer and are accessed by users from their own PCs
or terminals. These include web applications such as e-commerce
applications. Embedded control systems.
Example:
Gmail
-A free
Web-based e-mail service currently being tested at Google that provides users
with a gigabyte of storage for messages and provides the ability to search for
specific messages. The Gmail program also automatically organizes successively related
messages into a conversational thread.
- The
company was inspired to create Gmail because of a user's letter complaining
about problems with existing Web e-mail services, such as the constant need to
delete messages to stay within storage limits, and the lack of any searching
abi
Drop box
-Dropbox
Business simplifies your work, with a central place to access and share files.
-Admins
can control sharing permissions and see audit logs of sharing activity.
Embedded Control System
An embedded system is a programmed controlling and
operating system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or
electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It also include
the hardware and software including mechanical parts. Usually, the software will control and will
manage the hardware or mechanical parts of the device.
Example of the embedded control system:
·
Digital Camera
Digital camera nowadays are getting smarter and have a
lot of features because of embedded system used in it.
Digital camera usually have three function:
-
Call data (capture image)
-
Store data
-
Represent data (Show the image)
It also can transfer the data to other device ease and
seamlessly.
·
Washing
machine
Right
now, washing machine is now getting easier owing to the embedded systems.
Washing machine have the microcontroller to control all the task such as
spinning, drying and washing. Sensor in the washing machine will automatically
determine the water level of water according to how much the cloth in it. Some
of the have its own software to control the mechanical parts and to get the
information from user by let the user select their own preferred mode.
Batch processing systems
-These are business systems that are designed to
process data in large batches. They process large numbers of individual inputs
to create corresponding outputs. In Batch processing same type of jobs batch
(Batch a set of jobs with similar needs) together and execute at a time. The OS
was simple, its major task was to transfer control from one job to the next
job. The job was submitted to the computer operator in form of punch cards. At
some later time the output appeared.
Examples of Batch Processing system
- The processing of bank cheques
- payroll
- non-automatic stock control systems
- utility billing
- payroll
- non-automatic stock control systems
- utility billing
Entertaiment System
Entertainment system can be described as specific
forms of system that serve an entertaining or amusing purpose. Although
entertainment system is often solely associated with video games, music/movie
streaming services, or social networking applications, it can be used for
educational or informative purposes.
Type of Entertainment Software
·
Gaming Software
Gaming software generally involves the
manipulation of moving figures or characters on an electronic screen. Although
usually played through specialized game machines called consoles (Xbox,
PlayStation), video games can be played through computers or mobile devices.
·
Multimedia Software
Multimedia software generally involves a
combination of sound, video, imagery, text, or similar types of interactive
content. Multimedia software also accounts for media players that provide
playback options for the interactive content. Multimedia platforms, such as
Netflix, Hulu, or YouTube, account for a large portion of the world's Internet
traffic.
·
Simulation Software
A relatively new type of software, simulation
software involves the interplay of advanced graphics and mathematical formulas
to virtually simulate real world activities in real-time. A large number of
technology-centered companies and corporations—including Google, Apple, Amazon,
and Samsung
System for modeling
and simulation
Techniques that use computers to imitate the
operations of various real-world tasks or processes through simulation.
Computers are used to generate numeric models for the purpose of describing or
displaying complex interaction among multiple variables within a system.
Example:
-
AXIS
Simulation Flight System
advanced
flight simulators used to achieve the
highest possible realism and reliability for training pilot.
-
FAAC
Military
FAAC
is the world’s leading supplier of accurate high-speed weapon system
simulations. System are used to train soldier to perfect their skills before
they get in combat.
-
Autodesk
software
corporation that makes software services for the architecture, engineering,
construction, manufacturing, media, and entertainment.
Data Collection System
·
process
of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established
system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate
outcomes
·
System
that aggregates and evaluates sets of information in a consistent and efficient
way
·
Modern
data collection systems rely on advanced technology to take in huge amounts of
data, and to parse it and analyze it correctly
·
Have
3 types of data collection system
1.
interactive
system
·
consists
of one or more portables connected in real time to a computer. In these
systems, the central computer manages data collection and verification as the
user enters data.
2.
batch
system
·
one
or more portables to gather data that is stored for later input to a computer.
This is the most common and most economical portable system. Batch systems can
do only limited validity checking
3.
hybrid
system
·
a
combination of the interactive and batch system
·
Other
aspects of data collection systems depend on the hardware and architecture that
is used, the data sets being evaluated, and the various stakeholders
Example
of Data collection system
·
Data
registries
·
Surveys
or questionnaires
·
Mobile
computer/pda
·
RFID
reader
·
Barcode
scanner
System
of Systems
Systems
of systems is a collection of task-oriented or dedocated systems that pool
their resources and capabilities together to create a new, more complex system
Linking
systems into joint system of systems allows for the interoperabity and
synergism of Command,Control,Computers, Communications and Information
A method
to pursue development intergration, interoperability and optimization of
systems to enchance performance in the future battlefield
To
coupling traditional systems egineering activities with enterprise activities
of strategic planning and investment
Example
of system of systems :
Department
of Defense(DoD) recently establised the antional Centers for System of Systems
Engineering to develop a formal methodology for system-of-systems enginnering
for applications in defense-related projects
NASA
established the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) organization to
lead the development of a new exploration “system-of-systems” to accomplish the
goals outlined by President G.W. Bush in the 2004 Vision for Space Exploration.
COMPASS[21]
(Comprehensive Modelling for Advanced Systems of Systems), aiming to provide a
semantic foundation and open tools framework to allow complex SoSs to be
successfully and cost-effectively engineered, using methods and tools that
promote the construction and early analysis of models.
CONCLUSION
This is
because in terms of engineering software there are various techniques for
accessing all types of applications. All types of applications require multiple
techniques to get good results for certain applications. These eight types of
applications can not use the same type of engineering software techniques
because the way and the steps of an application type are different. this design
and development must require different techniques to support a type of
application for the best performance.
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